Commom Errors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commom Errors - Essay Example I would have the understudy survey 8x9 and 9x8 just to guarantee that they understand that every issue has a similar answer. Next, understudy 2 has issues cutting down the correct numbers upon the first round of deduction. This unmistakably is an aftereffect of removal. Position is critical in long division in such a case that the understudy puts the remainder in an inappropriate spot, the whole issue is demolished! The third understudy has lost the remainder from the beginning and in this way demolished his odds for a right answer. This understudy too needs help with arrangement. He does, anyway have the repairmen close by along these lines is fit as a fiddle than the subsequent understudy. The most ideal approach to check the errors made by the understudies is to work out the issue with them. As the understudy is assessing their work with you, you can gage whether the mix-up was an opportunity occurring or whether the understudy really isn't grasping the assignment. Have the understudy duplicate their erroneous remainder by the divisor and they will see it for themselves. Even better, after the understudy has seen his/her blunder after the endeavored augmentation of the remainder and divisor, have the understudy do the division issue with you and disclose their means to you as they do it. The most ideal approach to address the misstep introduced in the three referenced issues is practice, practice and more practice.

Rear Window free essay sample

An examination of the 1954 film, Rear Window by Alfred Hitchcock. This paper presents and talks about Hitchcocks film Rear Window. Explicitly it talks about how the film draws upon the stylish customs of past film developments, classes or national styles. It takes a gander at the act of voyeurism perception of others and how this ties into the topic of the film. Hitchcocks spine chiller Rear Window (1954) featured James Stewart and Grace Kelly, and recounts to the account of a picture taker stuck in a wheelchair with a messed up leg for half a month. He can't stand the fatigue and absence of action, so he starts watching his neighbors with a portion of his long range focal points. He finds a neighbor who he accepts is going to execute his significant other, and attempts to stop him, and spare the lady. Utilizing the narrative of a wheelchair-bound picture taker (James Stewart) who takes a break recovering from a messed up leg by spying out his window into the condos of his Greenwich Village neighbors, Hitchcock made a film that both empowers voyeurism and disgraces it, that won't censure it or cheer it (Taylor). We will compose a custom article test on Back Window or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Voyeurism is obviously a primary subject of the film, however another topic is the savagery of Stewart (or anybody) to sit and keep an eye on people groups individual minutes, for example, 'Miss Lonleyhearts' supper with a nonexistent beau who isn't there. He additionally observes her endeavor self destruction, and in spite of the fact that he calls the police, he does nothing else to support her. That is a critique on our good ways from our neighbors, and our good ways from one another as people.

Differences Between Sadness and Clinical Depression

Differences Between Sadness and Clinical Depression Depression Causes Print Differences Between Sadness and Clinical Depression By Leonard Holmes Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on July 17, 2019 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids We all feel sad sometimes, but that doesnt necessarily mean that were actually experiencing clinical depression. In fact, sadness is a normal emotion that can make life more interesting, and its a part of life. Much art and poetry are inspired by sadness and melancholy, for example, and sadness almost always accompanies the loss of a loved one. Sadness also helps us appreciate happiness. When our mood eventually changes from sadness towards happiness, the sense of contrast adds to the enjoyment of the mood. However, a shift in the opposite direction is also possible â€" sadness can turn into depression.?? Being able to tell the difference between normal sadness and depression might encourage you to take action and seek resources for an improved mood. Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee How to Tell When Sadness Turns Into Depression Be aware of the signs of sadness turning into  depression  and get help if you notice these symptoms significantly impacting your life for two weeks or longer. Symptoms include: Persistent sad, anxious, or empty moodFeelings of hopelessness and/or pessimism??Feelings of guilt,  worthlessness,  and/or helplessnessLoss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed, including sexDecreased energy, fatigue, and/or being slowed down??Difficulty concentrating, remembering, and/or making decisionsInsomnia, early-morning awakening, and/or oversleepingLoss of appetite and/or weight loss, or overeating and/or weight gain??Thoughts of death or suicide and/or suicide attemptsRestlessness and/or irritabilityPersistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches,  digestive disorders, and chronic pain If you experience these, you may feel inclined to just tough it out and wait until it passes. However, the earlier you recognize these signs, the sooner you can seek help and change your situation. When to Call Your Doctor Know that you are not alone if you are experiencing some (or multiple) of the symptoms above. If youve been experiencing symptoms of sadness or depression for longer than a few weeks, consider reaching out to your doctor to determine the cause and what you can do about it. Sometimes depression is not because of what is going on around you. It could be a medical condition, like hypothyroidism, for example, that can be causing symptoms of depression.?? Once your doctor rules out any potential medical causes, he or she will be able to provide other options for your depression or refer you to a psychiatrist or therapist who can help you. Depression Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF How to Cope With Normal Sadness Here are some ways to experience normal sadness in a healthy way and to allow this emotion to enrich your life: Allow yourself to be sad. Denying such feelings may force them underground, where they can do more damage with time. Cry if you feel like it. Notice if you feel relief after the tears stop.If you are feeling sad, plan a day to wallow.  Plan a day or evening just to be alone, listen to melancholy music, and observe your thoughts and feelings. Planning time to be unhappy can actually feel good and can help you ultimately move into a more happy mood.Think and/or write about the context of the sad feelings. Are you sad because of a loss or an unhappy event? Its usually not as simple as discovering the cause of the sadness, but understanding why youre sad and exploring those feelings can help you feel better.??Take a walk. Sometimes some fresh air and a little quiet time can change your perspective.Call a close friend or family member. Sometimes venting your feelings can help you process them.Be kind to yourself. This may include a hot bubble bath, indulging in a nap, or splurging for som e really good chocolate.Let yourself laugh. Fire up a favorite comedy and binge watch it for a while, or find a funny YouTube video.Consider starting a gratitude journal. Focusing on the positive, even if you can only think of one thing to be grateful for per day, helps you to shift away from the negative, sad feelings.Remember that sadness can result from a change that you didnt expect, or it can signal the need for a change in your life.  Change is usually stressful, but it is necessary for growth. If youre sad because you need to change something, think about the steps you can change to make your life more joyful. Treatment for Depression Depression is usually treated using medications called antidepressants or through talk therapy. Usually, the best treatment plans include both. Some popular medication choices for depression include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Paxil (paroxetine), Prozac (fluoxetine), and Zoloft (sertraline)Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like Cymbalta (duloxetine), Effexor (venlafaxine), and Pristiq (desvenlafaxine). Your doctor will discuss with you which is best. Cognitive therapy is a popular type of psychotherapy for depression.?? It teaches people to take their negative patterns of thinking and replace them with more positive ones.  This is helpful because our thoughts and what we say to ourselves actually determines our mood and motivation. If we frequently say negative things were creating a mental environment relevant to depression. Positive thinking, on the other hand, triggers positive emotions. And while controlling all aspects of depression isnt possible, this is one aspect we do have some power over. Find Online Resources to Help With Depression

Communication Interpersonal Skills in Nursing - 2610 Words

Introduction In this assignment, I am going to review four cases, which will require a number of different communication skills focusing primarily on; developing a therapeutic relationship, communicating assertively, communicating effectively with an individual with a disability/impairment and communicating with individuals from another culture. I will discuss building a therapeutic relationship and effective communication with each patient. Part 1: Developing a Therapeutic Relationship A therapeutic relationship is a professional, inter-personal alliance in which the nurse and client join together for a defined period to achieve health-related treatment goals (Chauhan Long, 2000), which may only last for a short period of time but†¦show more content†¦Non-verbal communication is used to give us cues about what is being communicated (Underman and Boggs, 2011) and involves listening, eye contact, body language, facial expressions and movements. Posture can be open or closed reflecting a person’s emotions and attitudes (skillsyouneed, 2014). Listening can create trust, act as an advocate and build a therapeutic rapport with the patient. Barriers to listening are a noisy environment, tone of voice, timing and tiredness. Kinesics (body language) is an important non-verbal skill that involves the conscious or unconscious body positioning or actions of the communicator (Underman and Boggs, 2011). Following the SOLER guideline is useful. S- Sit squarel y to the person (face them). O- Maintain an open position, L- Lean slightly forward, E- Maintain comfortable eye contact and R- Relax and take your time (Egan, 2002). There are a number of bridges and barriers to developing a therapeutic relationship with a patient and nursing communication is crucial to efficient provision of quality care for clients (Finke, 2008) I will ensure that Regina is psychologically prepared or her operation and discuss post-operative treatment such as a physiotherapy, agreeing on a treatment plan for the rehabilitation of her knee (Arnold and Underman BoggsShow MoreRelatedNursing Theorist, Hildegard Peplau Knew That In Order To1533 Words   |  7 PagesNursing theorist, Hildegard Peplau knew that in order to care for patients, the nurse must establish a strong relationship with the patient. This is an essential element in being able to provide adequate planning, diagnosing, and the successful treatment of patients. Personally, my desire to learn more about Peplau’s theory is because it is a very significant quality to have as a nurse. Nursing is a very interpersonal career, and by forming trusting relationsh ips with patients early in one’s nursingRead MoreThe Theory Of A Nurse1497 Words   |  6 PagesNursing theorist, Hildegard Peplau knew that in order to care for patients, the nurse must establish a strong relationship with the patient. This is an essential element in being able to provide adequate planning, diagnosing, and successfully treating patients. Personally, my desire to learn more about Peplau’s theory is because it is a very significant quality to have as a nurse. Nursing is a very interpersonal career, and by forming trusting relationships with patients early in one’s nursing practiceRead MoreEssay on Four Principles of Interpersonal Communication1459 Words   |  6 Pageshas been noted about the four principles of interpersonal communication demonstrates that King (2000) has provided the definitive source for reviewing these issues. According to King, interpersonal communication is: inescapable, irreversible, complicated and contextual. Using thes e four principles as a basis for research, the current investigation provides a review of each of the four principles and the implication of each of these principles for the nursing professional. A situation is described inRead MoreThe Work Environment At A Large Community Hospital1331 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment at a large community hospital is unfavorable. Recent change in senior management is producing much anxiety and uncertainty among the nursing staff. Nursing staff perceives they are required to work with limited resources. For the past two years, wages and benefits have not increased for the nursing staff. Presently, there is a national nursing shortage. As a result, the nurses feel overworked and underpaid. Also, their work efforts go unappreciated and unrecognized. A small group ofRead MoreDiscourse Is A Discourse Community1170 Words   |  5 Pagesmembers of one would ever be able to communicate with the members of another† (Schmidt). The communication is done with other discourse communities is hard to understand because we are not aware of what they are talking about. A discourse community of nursing would be a perfect fit to show a example of its the characteristics that makes it a discourse community. Communication is a important aspect in nursing because it is significantly important to guarantee quality care for all patients that areRead MoreEssay on Why Effective Communication Is Important for Nursing1620 Words   |  7 PagesEffective Communication is Important for Nursing This essay is set to explore the importance of developing effective communication skills in nursing. It will give a short overview on what communication is and what it involves. Then it will explain the importance of effective communication in nursing. Furthermore, the essay will briefly present some challenges surrounding communication in nursing and suggestions on how they can be addressed before it concludes by summarising the needs for nursing studentsRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Skill Of Feedback983 Words   |  4 PagesThe interpersonal communication skill of feedback is essential for hospital nurses to give a suitable care to each patient because it enables the nurses to learn, and improve their motivation, performance and efficiency that assist to achieve their goal which is to help the patients heal. The interpersonal communication skill of feedback is a system of conveying information between two people regarding the receiver’s performance (Baker et al. 2013 ). In general, feedback is employed to deliver informationRead MoreCommunication1364 Words   |  6 PagesBach and Grant (2009) define communication as the exchange of information between individuals through verbal, non-verbal and written techniques. This coincides with interpersonal skills which focus on the process of building and maintaining relationships and monitoring and responding to the effect of communication on those involved (Callara 2008). Communication and interpersonal skills are a vital element in all aspects of nursing care including prevention, treatment, education and health promotionRead MoreThe Success Of Registered Nurses1291 Words   |  6 Pages Hard work, knowledge, and interpersonal skills are some of the most important aspects that will directly impact the success of registered nurses (RNs) within the medical healthcare field. They are professionals that require an amount of comprehensive education and skills that are related to assessing, planning, and i ntervening to promote patient care (â€Å"The Nursing Process,† n.d.). In order to become RNs, associate degrees in nursing (ADN) must be earned from a state-approved training program. TheRead MoreTherapeutic Relationship in Nursing1433 Words   |  6 Pagesinteraction to be meaningful and have a positive impact on the health outcomes of the patient, the nurse needs to build interpersonal connections with the patient to form a therapeutic relationship. The nurse also needs to be aware of the patient’s culture and practice in a culturally safe way when establishing this relationship. In this essay the main characteristics of both interpersonal connectedness and the therapeutic relationship will be described using relevant literature. It will then go on to

Mathematics Is That Of Pi ( ÃŽÂ ) - 1728 Words

PI (Ï€) One of the oldest and most commonly known and used concepts in mathematics is that of Pi (Ï€). In the earliest of know human civilizations, people realized the importance of finding the exact value of Ï€ for practical reasons. Even by todays standards, we still only need to know the exact value of Ï€ to a few decimal place values, although that hasn’t stopped mathematicians from pursuing a more accurate representation for its value throughout time. The earliest know approximations for the value of Ï€ have been identified on ancient clay tablets, dated 1900-1650 BC, from the Babylonian civilization which states the value of Ï€ as (25/8) = 3.125. and from the Egyptian civilization, from the Rhind Papyrus(1650BC), which approximates the value of Ï€ to be (16/9)^2 = 3.1605. Although these earliest of approximations have been proven to be within 1 percent of todays actual know value, it marks the point of obsession for mathematicians to find an exact value for Ï€. The next advancement in determining a more accurate value didn’t occur for more than another 1000 years. Around 250 BC, the Greek mathematician Archimedes developed an approach using circumscribed and inscribed polygons to prove that the value of pi to be between (223/71) Ï€ (22/7) (3.1408 Ï€ 3.1429). This geometrical approach was predominantly used by mathematicians for the next 1000 years, were in 1630 an exact value of Ï€ was found to 39 decimal palaces. Sometime around the year 1425, a new approachShow MoreRelatedPi And The Real World995 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract Pi has a rich history and numerous applications to go along with it. Pi is used in mathematics, science and engineering. Pi has been traced back to over 1600 BC in Egypt, and today it is celebrated world – wide. Students from elementary school through college know of pi and its multiple applications. It has been used in physics, as well as in geometry. Students will even use it in trigonometry when they are doing sine waves. Students need to see how necessary pi is in mathematics and in theRead MoreA Study On Zu Chongzhi1582 Words   |  7 PagesZu Chongzhi is a famous Chinese mathematician and Astronomer lived in 429-501 A.D., Zu had do various of mathematics in his life, he improve Chinese mathematical, and made China become a powerful mathematical countries in 1000 years ago. Zu has many contributions in Chinese mathematical and astronomy such as 7 digits of PI, zhuishu(Method of Interpolation, The definition of zhui is method of ancient Chinese astronomy, shu is book), a nd the Daming Calender. but Zu is live in a war age that causedRead MoreArchimedes Of Syracuse And The Current State Of Computing1250 Words   |  5 PagesAs long as the field of mathematics has existed, people have been searching for shortcuts to eliminate the monotony and difficulty of calculating figures accurately. As a result, human beings began to develop new technologies to simplify this process. In ancient history, the abacus was a useful device in calculating simple numbers requiring addition and subtraction. In the seventeenth century, the first mechanical calculators were able to perform multiplication and division through repetitions ofRead MoreMathematics Is That Of Pi ( ÃŽ   )2249 Words   |  9 Pagescommonly known and used concepts in mathematics is that of Pi (Ï€). In the earliest of know human civilizations, people realized the importance of finding the exact value of Ï€ for practical reasons. Even by todays standards, we still only need to know the exact value of Ï€ to a few decimal place values, although that hasn’t stopped mathematicians from pursuing a more accurate representation for its value throughout time. The earliest know approximations for the value of Ï€ have been identified on ancientRead MoreWilliam Jones and Pi Essay1894 Words   |  8 Pagescreated, and was the first to use, pi. William was born on a farm in Anglesey, then later moved to Llanbabo on Anglesey, then moved again after the death of Williams father. He attended a charity school at Llanfechell. There his mathematical talents were spotted by the local landowner who arranged for him to be given a job in London. His job was in a merchant’s counting house. This job had Jones serving at sea on a voyage to the West Indies. He taught mathematics and navigation on board ships betweenRead MoreA Short Note On Internal And Internal Assessment1596 Words   |  7 PagesIB Mathematics HL Internal Assessment Judy Taylor IB HL Mathematics Word Count: 1311 â€Æ' Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 4 Exploration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Page 5 Applications†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 8 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....Page 9 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 11 â€Æ' Abstract The sine integral, written as Si (x), is important factor in signal processing as it causes overshootRead MoreThe Contribution Of Leonhard Euler1712 Words   |  7 Pageswas a fascinating and talented man who made significant contributions in mathematics, physics, engineering and astronomy (Stockstill). The incredible amount of work he produced in mathematics has made his name famous around the globe. He has produced more work than any other professional in mathematics (Australian Mathematics). His work in calculus, graph theory, and mathematical notation has greatly influenced mathematics (Euler Website). Euler was a great 18th-century mathematician but also workedRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza859 Words   |  4 Pagesconstants in created mathematics which are: Ï€, ÃŽ ¦, and e. The slope angle of 51 °51’ also 51.85 ° in decimal form, comes from measurements taken off the remaining casing stones. There is also a debate as to the geometry used in the design of th e Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt. There is evidence, however, that the design of the pyramid may use these foundations of mathematics and geometry. Here is more evidence of how the design of the pyramid may embody these foundations of mathematics and geometry: -PhiRead MoreThe Ancient Inventions Of The Future994 Words   |  4 Pagesin geometry. Or Aristotle, who mad giant leaps in astronomy (also made a theory that the earth was round in about 384 B. C.). therefore, a new era of philosophy was inaugurated and the course of western civilization was decisively shaped. Modern mathematics, Medicine, and cartography was all modernized during this age of philosophy. Without the Greeks, present ideals and the way we live our life would not be the same. So it is important that we know what the Greeks invented and their power over ourRead MoreJohn Wallis3283 Words   |  14 Pagesallowing themselves to discuss any other outside topics such as politics (OConnor amp; Robertson, 2002). Due to these weekly meetings, Wallis read and mastered Oughtred’s Clavis Mathematicae in only a couple of weeks in 1647. â€Å"Quickly his love of mathematics, which he had as a student but which had never found the opportunity to flourish, now came pouring out† (OConnor amp; Robertson, 2002). Shortly after mastering Oughtred’s book, Wallis wrote his own book, Treatise of Angular Sections, but the book

Changes to the American Empire During 1790 to 1850 Free Essays

American imperium alteration from the 1790s to the 1850s The unusual struggle that split American life in the 1790s concentrated on conflicting position of the significance of the American Revolution and the manner its tradition could be developed into a new province. The profound misinterpretation of the 1790s inspired the growing in American political relations. Throughout revolution patriots anticipated and demanded all people give the support because it was the lone manner for the public good. We will write a custom essay sample on Changes to the American Empire During 1790 to 1850 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many Americans held that was a individual place to travel on this political issue It was unfortunate for John Adams to be the president during these disruptive times. He was a existent nationalist and deeply principled. It was during his term of office that by 1798 he and Federalist Congress had enacted many Torahs that adversely chopped off Americans civil autonomies. To Adams political critics were faithless oppositions of good authorities where he intensified domestic dictatorship under the leading Congress leaders. In so making he was utilizing his ain party in chairing control and as a agency to work the chauvinistic enthusiasm to his ain advantage. The difference that alienates our perceptual experience from those of Adams and his Federalist companions in the late 1790s unmaskings basic revolution of American political idea The philosophical alterations that started by Gallic Revolution had immense effects in France and many European states. It helped to alter American political relations get downing from mid 1790s. It had in the beginning receive overpowering support in the United States but it subsequently lets to divergent positions in America because of radicalization in 1792-1793 America grew and changed from 1750-1850 in all domains i.e. politically socially and economically. In societal and cultural alteration, art changed which was started by Hudson River school motion. American painters for the first clip started their manner, for case Thomas Cole, who gave the American its individuality by switching off from England manner of picture and gave more concentration on landscaping. Literature on the other manus changed whereby authors started prosecuting themselves on American subjects. During this clip the indigens were ill treated by the foreigners. Foreigners introduced remotion policy which forced the Native American move from their hereditary lands. This act was propelled passing of the Removal Act in 1830.Cherokees in 1838 were forced to travel 100s of stat mis from their places to settle in West of the Mississippi river. This motion was referred to â€Å"trial of tears† . Economic alterations took topographic point which majorly affected how America made money, how people earned a life, engineering and trade. In transit changed how goods were ferried from one topographic point to another. This was enabled due to the debut steamboats, canal edifice. Farmers earned more money due to faster and cheaper transportation of green goods to the markets. Progresss in engineering i.e. in of the telegraph by Samuel Morris improved communicating at big since messages could make the receiver in proceedingss unlike months. Invention of whirling Jenny by James Hargreaves changed the fabric industry immensely. Factories emerged ; the first successful mill in the US was started by Moses and Samuel Slater. The Factory was made up of Millss which spin yam. Slater bought the cognition from England where he was working. This aided the sprout of successful mill in America. The British fabric factory engineering brought to the U.S was upgraded by Francis Cabot. He combined b oth the turning of yarn and the weaving of apparels in one mill. It was started in Lowell Massachusetts in 1821. A Boston associate was formed by Lowell and outstanding business communities to finance the factory. As mills grew interchangeable parts and industrial rebellion thought came up. Eli Whitney came up with the idea. The chief docket was to utilize the machine to develop all parts likewise, therefore salvaging clip and money in the industry. This aided the rapid growing of the industrial revolution. As money changed therefore the alterations in foreign policy besides took topographic point. America changed from thought of isolation to neutrality. The chief end was to merchandise with all states and acquiring involved in developing them. The president at that clip was Monroe. President Monroe due to his concern about European states colonising South America ; he made a bold statement warning them to remain off from Latin America. Due to weak military the policy was difficult to continue but the backup of England came in ready to hand. The statement by President Monroe aided to determine the foreign policy for many old ages. American’s belief of manifest Destiny brought approximately political alterations. The belief stated that U.S had the authorization and duty to spread out ocean to ocean. They achieved this through sign language pacts, annexing and purchasing of land from Latin Americans. The Louisiana Purchase made in 1803 by Thomas Jefferson is a good illustration. He used $ 15 million on 800,000 square stat mis belongings which was about twice size of the U.S. Jefferson decided to look for adventurers to map and analyze wildlife. This occupation was given to Lewis and Clerk. American exceptionalism is an enterprise that America is fundamentally different from other states. This point of view has dominated American economic sciences, political relations and faith for many old ages. Several early settlers proclaimed themselves to be an component of a exclusive venture with plentiful natural wealth, equity of society and faiths. It was non up to the rebellion that exceptionalism took on unfastened political intensions. The oratory of the current democratic government was often connected with expansionist pressing. This aligned foreign policy which stood on the strong belief that to spread out American democracy was reciprocally right and ineluctable. American exceptionalism changed as they enlargement took topographic point. United State and its citizen perceive that they hold the particular topographic point on Earth, by offering opportunity and outlook for world, ensuing from an exceeding sense of balance of public and private benefit governed by legitimate rules that focused on single and economic autonomy. A high spot in the yesteryear of American Exceptionalism is the American rebellion. The ideas that shaped the American rebellion were eventful from a usage of republicanism that has been affected by the British mainstream. Thomas Paine’s general logic for the first point in clip articulated the strong belief that America was non an enlargement of Europe except a new district, a province of about illimitable prospective and opening that had over shined the Britain. These sentiments lay the rational footing for the extremist perceptual experience of American exceptionalism and were strongly attached to republicanism, t he perceptual experience that rule belonged to the citizens, non to a catching opinion category. Alexis de Tocqueville insisted the advanced environment of democratic system in America, in difference that it infused each characteristic of society and traditions, at a minute ( 1830s ) when societal equality was non in tendency anyplace else. How to cite Changes to the American Empire During 1790 to 1850, Essay examples

Conquer Through Character free essay sample

On all fours, I fell to the ground. My legs were exasperated to the point where I felt a strange tingling sensation, and they became numb. The sun’s gaze scorched my skin, and the touch of turf smoldered my forearms and lacerated the palms of my hands; they were a crimson red left with the fresh imprint of ground rubber. My chest was constricted by the pads on my shoulders, as though it could no longer sustain my lungs from bursting and pouring out. The blood in my head was pulsating through my temples at a pace faster than I had ever felt, and the sweat of my brow slowly edged down the cheek of my face. I thought I was going to die. Looking back on this experience, I wondered why I ever joined football. I am not the biggest or the most athletic person, so I do not receive a lot of playing time. We will write a custom essay sample on Conquer Through Character or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My friends would all ask me why I did not just quit, and spend more time hanging out with friends. I would usually just shrug them off and make up some joke; however, now I am actually wondering why I stayed in football. One thing I do know is that I did not stay in football for myself, but rather for my teammates. In fact, I rarely referred to them as my ‘teammates,’ but rather as my ‘brothers.’ The reason I refer to them as brothers is because of the bonds we created. We all endured the same heat, and we all endured the same pain I described earlier. One team, one heartbeat. I wanted to be a part of something larger than myself. This program was not for everyone, as that only those who possessed true devotion and commitment could go through it. In my freshman year of high school, there were about a hundred freshman football players, all thinking they were the next big thing. However, now there are only about twenty seniors left in our class, with only a bout ten of them going through the program for the entire four years. Because of football, I am now a much more passionate and persistent person who will not back down from any challenge presented before me, no matter how great or small. I can now go through life with a sense of optimism, knowing that whatever life throws my way, I can rise above it and conquer it. My character has ascended to new levels, and I can now accomplish anything I set my mind to.

Wuthering heights summary Essay Example For Students

Wuthering heights summary Essay Emily Bronte was born in Thorton, Yorkshire, in 1918. Wuthering Heights wasBrontes only book; however, she died in 1848 and never knew of the bookssuccess. It is said by many to be the finest novel in the English language. Just before she dies, Catherine Earnshaw gives birth to a beautiful baby girlnamed Cathy. After Catherine married Edgar, heathcliff becomes jealous andmarries Edgars sister, Isabella. Isabella then gives birth to Heathcliffs sonLinton. Wuthering Heights, by Wmily Bronte, is a novel full of contrast betweenCatherine and Cathy and Heathcliff and Linton. While Cathy is growing up, the reader begins t see the contrast between cathyand her mother. Catherine is a typical Earnshaw, having dark hair, and dark eyes. We will write a custom essay on Wuthering heights summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While her daughters characteristics are the exact opposite. Cathy has blondehair, fair skin, and irrestibly brilliant eyes. Catherine and Cathy is emotional aspects also contrast a great deal. YoungCathys emotions are calm, while her mothers rage, and are as unpredictable asa storm. Catherines emotions are so passionate that she is unable to controlthem. To the point of causing her own death. Before she dies, she says thatshe wants both Heathcliff and Edgar to suffer-Edgar, because he never understoodheraffection for Heathcliff; and Heathcliff, because he never understood whyshe married Edgar. Cathy has a mind of her own and some of Catherineswillfullness. She is also capable of great sympathy towards Linton, whom shemarries and finally Hareton Earnshaw. Heathcliff is a strange mix-ture of the refined and incouth; slovently, yetdresses and acts like a g gentleman. While being dark with the look of a gypsy,he is quite handsome. His son, linton resembles his mother, Isabella, as he isblonde, pretty, feeble, adn effeminate. It is ironic thtat Heathcliffs sonshould be so weak and sickly that he dies at the age of seventeen. Although Heathcliff is his father, Linton displays none of Heathcliffscharacteristics. Heathcliff is a character full of brutality. Heathcliff showsthis brutality on several occasions. The most graphic occasion is afterCatherines funeral, when Hindley threatens him with a knife. Thisconfrontation ends up with Heathcliff kicking and pounding Hindleys head intothe floor. Linton has his fathers capability for violent temper, but notphsical strength. Linton shows his each of phyiscal strength when Haretonthrows him and Catherine out of the room. Linton becomes furious saying hewould kill Hareton. This brought on a coughing fit in which blood gushed fromLintons mouth, causing him to fall to the floor. Bibliography:

Why Vacation Can Make You a Better Worker

Why Vacation Can Make You a Better Worker The best and most dedicated workers are the ones who blaze through weekends chained to email and log countless hours during non-office hours, right? Not necessarily! A constant grind with no mental and physical breaks can often wear away at you, taking away from your productivity.  Longer hours don’t necessarily mean better work–especially if you’re overtired and overwhelmed. Enrich YourselfIn order to be a good employee, you need to be the best version of yourself. Allotted time for you to do nothing but rest and rejuvenate will amp up your energy. You’ll have the chance to spend quality time with loved ones, see new places, and hopefully even sleep in without setting an alarm clock. When you return to your workplace, you’ll be relaxed and ready to take on projects that might have previously seemed overwhelming.Enrich Your CompanyCompanies want well-rounded workers who are happy, energetic, and able to attack work with creativity. Managers know t hat when employees are happy and in good health, they take fewer sick days and give 100% of themselves on a daily basis. Vacation time is built into most contracts for a reason–you deserve a break from all the hard work you put in.If you’re allotted vacation time, you should take it–you and your company will both reap benefits from your time away.

Molecular basis of circadian rhythms Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Molecular basis of circadian rhythms - Article Example In a fast growing world where travelling is essential to many individuals, jet lag is a common denominator among those individuals. Scientifically speaking, this was mainly because of the disruption of the circadian clock. According to the study of Glossop, Lyons & Hardin, the circadian clock worked in an interlocked feedback loops that is further divided into two: a per-tim loop which is activated by dCLK-CYC and repressed by PER-TIM and a dClk loop which is repressed by dCLK-CYC and depressed by PER-TIM (766). Through these loops, it has been identified that there are five genes necessary for effective circadian rhythm, among of which include the period (per), timeless (tim), Drosophilia Clock (dClk), Cycle (Cyc), and double-time (dbt) (Glossop, Lyons & Hardin, 766). However, nothing can be observed without going through the gene level and oscillating the anatomical structures for sleep and wakefulness. Clock-controlled genes consist of input pathways, oscillator or pacemaker, and output pathways (Cermakian & Corsi, 59). As stated earlier, initiating circadian rhythm requires oscillation and this can be done only through a pacemaker or oscillator. Oscillation occurs automatically as this is a temporal program. A well-oscillated circadian clock has self-sustained rhythm during its long period, compensated with respect to the abrupt changes in the environment, predominantly exposed to cycles of light, temperature, food availability and predator, and has various difference in the assembly of cellular clocks (Merrow, Spoelstra & Till, 931). Without this pathways and oscillation, the rhythm of the circadian clock will definitely be disrupted. The study of circadian clock will not only help humans in adaptation but the agriculture and animal industry as well. Experts would be able to condition the organism to environmental changes. Farmers can manipulate the pthosynthetic activity of the plants to match the appropriate

GRAMMAR PROJECT 2- Analysis of Internet Resources Research Paper

GRAMMAR PROJECT 2- Analysis of Internet Resources - Research Paper Example Other than nouns and articles, ESL students may also find it difficult to avoid usage of passive voice, a grammar structure discussed further in this paper. The first exercise is from http://www.world-english.org/articles.htm. The basic rules for using articles are clearly outlined. First, articles fall under two categories, that is, definite and indefinite. â€Å"A† is an indefinite article used before nouns describing non-specific objects or one object in a group of many, which begin with consonants (World English, 2004). Examples given include: Other rules provided by the exercise expressly state that articles should not be used with names of states, provinces or natural features, unless they are referring to a collection of the mentioned items. Additionally, articles should not be used when speaking about items in general. The principal purpose of this exercise is to enable learners to distinguish between definite and indefinite articles, as well as, to determine the article to use with specific nouns (World English, 2004). This is achieved through extensive use of credible examples. There are also exercises that give direct answers, enabling the learners to practice lessons learned about articles. The second article came from http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/iej/articles/v5n5/miller/paper.pdf. The article begins by recognizing the fact that the use of articles is largely problematic for non-native English speakers. The principal factor to consider in usage of articles is the category under which nouns fall as either countable or uncountable. Indefinite articles (â€Å"a† and â€Å"an†) can therefore be used with countable nouns but not the uncountable ones (Miller, 2005). The article is free of grammatical errors and spelling mistakes, thus placing emphasis on its accuracy and credibility. Additionally, the resource gives detailed results of exercises done by ESL students showing their

Highland Tower Collapse and Ramp Construction

Highland Tower Collapse and Ramp Construction Introduction The purpose of this essay is to find out from a field, a building that experienced construction catastrophe, study its short comings and come up with solutions and recommendations of what could be done to ensure the same problem doesn’t happen in the future. The building upon which the research is based in this assignment is called the Highland tower, a building in Selangor Malaysia which collapsed and 48 people died and 12 others were evacuated from the other building. The Highland Towers collapse was an apartment building collapse that occurred on 11 December 1993 in Taman Hillview, Ulu Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. The collapse of Block One of the apartments caused the deaths of 48 people and led to the complete evacuation of the remaining two blocks due to safety concern. It was one of the most tragic building accidents in Malaysian history where residential towers collapsed and killed people. Since then, the government and its subsidiaries sat down in a committee to see a wa y forward for the construction industry especially construction in hilly areas to minimize casualties. The event has been widely publicized, when an American tourist in particular because it is captured in the next ten days and taken to the Tower of photos a dramatic sequence, and crazy rescue operations.       Building professionals with the case of several important influence in Malaysia, which will be the focus of this paper, but also lead to tort law in Malaysia interesting development and clarification. Case study Highland Towers consists of three 12-storey buildings in a steep hill, was later extensively on the terraces in the early 1980s in western base built in stages between 1974 to 1982. Each block is named: Block1 (built in 1977, the most southern) Block2 (built in 1979, north-west block 1, slightly elevated than the other two, the closer to the top of the hill) Block3 (built in 1981, the Northwest block 1, block West 2). Parking behind the mountain rain collapsed building in the swimming pool located on both sides and the rear between Northwest Northeast parking lot after the landslide caused by the failure of the retaining wall behind the building failed, for 10 days. The tower is home to the affluent middle-class families ; considerable proportion of residents are expatriates . Highland Tower was once notorious early 1980s and 1990s for wealthy people to hide their mistress popular place . The water tower is behind a small stream known as the East Creek . Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower before construction. Later, build a pipeline system to divert flow to bypass the tower in 1991, a new housing development project, called Wu Antarabangsa Development Project , located in the tower Peak behind the start . As a result, the mountain has been cleared of trees and other vegetation and land cover, soil erosion exposed land, which will lead to land slides from the construction site of the w ater diverted into the river to divert the flow of the same East piping systems. eventually, the pipeline system to become over- pressurized water, sand and silt from the Eastern Creek and the construction site. pipe burst at different locations in the mountains, the soil had to absorb excess moisture . December 1993 monsoon rains further worsening the situation . (Block One of the Highland Towers collapsed) Role and responsibilities The Architect (I) there is no defense of this contact is a limited one, at least you must ensure that other aspects of the work of others is competent to complete. Defensive architect, he only retained the design and supervision of three apartment buildings, and denied that his range extends to the drainage, earthworks and retaining walls. It was dismissed by that court. The court held that the architect must take into account the building on which is built in the vicinity of the land, and the land itself, the safety assessment of the building, it must be evaluated. [In addition, the court held that as a matter of fact, the architect concerned about the neighborhood and the building itself, when he submitted the layout plan, the authorities because it includes high tower behind the slope terraces and drainage. Therefore, he must ensure that the work carried out although others in a competent and workmanlike manner] (Ii) there is no difference between the standard care of unqualified doctors Although the architect in reality just a building draftsman, measure their behavior on the court has the ability to architect a standard that if a person is unqualified, but showed himself to have a skill, he will be judged by the standard a competent and qualified staff. (C) there is no excuse to say that compulsory employer does not comply with regulations Finally, the Court seems to have flatly rejected the architects excuse that he can not do anything to stop his boss (employers and engineers in obtaining certificates of fitness in three apartment buildings do not fulfill the conditions stipulated by the local authorities in collusion background, instead of terraces and retaining walls to ensure proper design, provide and sufficient to withstand, even though he knew it would affect the building, he was in charge) slope instability the Court has made clear that, when the law is broken, the architect must report to the authorities after the architect must ensure that the law, even in the risk of being discharged. Engineer Defense engineer, he only retained the design and supervision of three apartment buildings, Highland Towers compound structures within two retaining walls, and submit plans, drainage, and two and denied his range extends to the drainage, earthworks. It was dismissed by that court. The court found that engineers must take into account the building on which is built in the vicinity of the land, and the land itself, the time to assess the safety of buildings, must be evaluated. He should ensure the stability of the slope behind Highland Towers. His duties not by a mere belief that they are built on terraced slopes and retaining walls were discharged by an engineer or other consultant. He should ask the professional is qualified, whether he was doing what impact the safety of cascading tower. [Neglect other aspects of engineers a serious violation of the authorities to take care of his responsibilities to a notification issued by the buyer, and only 10 percent is based on the approved drainage construction] In summary locations near building professionals need to be considered, as well as the safety assessment of the site itself, especially taking into account the adjacent hillside. Building professionals to participate in a limited range can not hide behind, these are the things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be subject to the duties owed to the scope of their service is not limited to this. Building professionals required to ensure that others do the work to engage them in the design may affect / supervisory structure is competent, workmanlike manner to carry out the work. If you think the general building professionals have expertise in a specific area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹eligibility when they are unqualified, their behavior will be a measure of this expertise qualified doctor. After building professionals must ensure that law and, if necessary to report to the authorities if their clients break the law, even in danger by their client to be discharged. Case application on law of tort Negligence The Highland Towers decision becomes another Malaysian High Court decision which diverges from the approach of the English Courts and adopts the approach taken by other Commonwealth jurisdictions in allowing the recovery of â€Å"pure economic loss†, especially where sufficient proximity can be demonstrated between the negligent act and the loss. Pure economic loss is the loss related to the product itself which is defective by reason of negligence, as opposed to the loss or damage caused to the property of the Plaintiff by this defective product. Nuisance In this cause of action, a Defendant is liable if the Plaintiff can show the Defendant is responsible for a condition or activity which interferes with use or enjoyment of his land, and that condition or activity is not a reasonable user by the Defendant. The Highland Towers decision, requiring the plaintiff must establish an additional requirement that is the type of damage whether the defendant could reasonably foreseeable, the principles adopted from English case law on the extension of the disturbance is limited in Malaysia, Cambridge Water Company leather Co. Ltd. v. Eastern European countries. Cause of structural failure The water tower is behind a small stream known as the East Creek . Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower before construction, so the establishment of the pipeline system is to divert the flow to bypass the tower. In 1991, a new housing development project, called Bukit Antarabangsa Development Project, located in the tower under construction behind the top of the hill . The mountain is cleared of trees and other vegetation and land cover, land exposed soil erosion is a major factor causing landslides. Construction site of the new water diverted into the existing pipeline systems used to transfer the East river flows. This heavy-duty piping and water, sand and silt from the river and east into the pipeline construction site . Pipes burst, several places in the mountains, and the surrounding soil to absorb excess moisture . December 1993 monsoon rains further deterioration of the situation . The water content in the soil becomes super saturated, so that the soil has become viscous, actually become the degree of clay. October 1992 by the hillside is saturated with water, the water is flowing down the slopes and considered retaining walls . Shortly thereafter, landslides, destroying the construction of a retaining wall. Landslide mud that contains an estimated one hundred thousand square meters a mass equivalent to 200 Boeing 747 aircraft. Rammed earth base to first, gradually pushing it forward. After a month of this constant pressure, foundations snapped and November 1993, the residents began to see cracks forming and expanding the highlands surrounding the tower, on the road warning of collapse. Unfortunately, no further investigation before a collapse December 11, 1993. Safety authorities and Investigation procedures. These were the findings of the investigation that came from the accident. Also indicating who was to blame for the occurrence of the accident. Within the first 24 hours, only two women and an infant were pulled out of the rubble. Indonesian maid Umi Rashidah Khoruman, 22, and her 18-month old daughter Nur Hamidah Najib, survived the ordeal, but the second woman, Japanese national Shizue Nakajima, 50, succumbed to her injuries. Final report from the investigations showed that It was the fault of the property owners not to drain the land that caused the silt to build and thus the massive land slide that led to the collapse of the structure that claimed 48 lives. Liabilities. The following are the court s findings of liability : The first defendant was negligent in assuming responsibility not to engage a qualified architect, building terraces insufficient, inadequate, could reasonably be expected to have caused the collapse of the retaining walls and drains eastward diversion from its natural course and failed to ensure that the slope is adequate water pipe culverts, and hate not maintained drains and retaining walls . The second defendant ( the architect ) is assumed liability for negligence does not ensure adequate drainage and retaining walls built in the adjacent highlands tower site, which he foresaw or should have foreseen that the building would endanger the hillside, he is responsible for, not specified with the authorities on drainage, and the first defendant and the third defendant ( engineers ) collude to get fitness certificate does not fulfill the conditions by the fourth defendant ( local authorities ) are required, in doing so does not comply with his duties, the architect and no investigation retaining walls, even though he knew they would affect the terraced hillsides and construction of buildings, he was responsible for, and hate, because he is an unreasonable land users . The third defendant ( engineer ) is behind the negligence of responsibility without considering the hillside or slope of the tower, there is no basis for the design and construction to accommodate lateral load or alternatively landslide has ensured that the adjacent slope stability, without implementation of the approved drainage plan, and the first and second defendants colluded to get fitness certificate does not fulfill the conditions stipulated by the fourth defendant and a nuisance, because he is irrational use of land. The fourth defendant ( local authorities ) Although the negligence of its construction-related jobs. That is about the building plan approval process to ensure the implementation of the approved construction of drainage systems, and in the Certificate of Fitness problem remains because S95 Street, Drainage and Building Act (2 ) immunity. The fourth defendant, but a maintenance function Eastern stream late in fulfilling its construction can not be spared for its negligence . It also attracted a nuisance liability . The fifth defendant ( Arab Malaysian financial BHD) is liable for the negligence of failure to maintain drains their land, and in the land after the collapse of the measures taken to restore stability . Seventh defendant (Metrolux property ) and its project manager, the eighth defendant, who is the responsibility of negligence and nuisance, to prevent water from flowing into the downhill ( into their website ), but to guide the stream of water into the East, when they knew or ought to have known, this will increase the amount of water injected into the mud and, in particular, have their own extensive land clearing, go east into the stream, it will be deposited, which will in turn ( to prove ) cause or contribute to drainage fault system and a collapse. The ninth and tenth defendant ( basically the state government ), found no liability due to a technical problem on the prosecution of a particular political party. The sixth defendant ( who carried out the work site clean- Arab abortion buyer of land in Malaysia ) found no evidence of responsibility . Remedies About remedies the first this is find a qualified contractors and qualified Designer and construction engineer. In this case causes of building collapse the main reason is to find designer contractor caused by the irrational. So we summary have five points: (i) Nearby locations building professionals need to be considered, as well as the safety assessment of the site itself, especially taking into account the adjacent hillside. (Ii) building professionals to participate in a limited range can not hide behind, these are things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be subject to the duties owed to the scope of their service is not limited to this. (Iii) building professionals required to ensure that others do the work may be engaged to supervise their influence in the design / construction is competent, will carry out their work, a workmanlike manner. (Iv) if the building professionals think they have expertise in specific areas when they are unqualified, their behavior will be a measure of this general qualifications expertise qualified doctor. (V) construction professionals must ensure that the law after a report to the authorities if necessary, if their clients break the law, even in danger by their client to be discharged. The second thing to do is to ensure that the experience and expertise to this project. Next to it is to ensure that all materials and components to be installed and used in order to test its functionality and satisfactory compliance with the required standards. For example; specific laboratory tests should be taken before using compressive strength, stability and durability. Finally, before any part of the project is complete, responsible for the approval before its next regulatory bodies should be. The project is a model for all the items necessary tests, carried out before the actual implementation. Engineers can also use the cause of the weather and other aspects of the model. The third thing is because this situation has occurred for many years, although the court has not yet made the decision, but still want to remind contractors, who together oversee project quality, and how to resolve some of the risk around. Do not let the tragedy happen again. Percentage Frequency of Causes of Building Collapse(Malaysia 1960-2010) So in this table we can see Causes of Building Collapse most reason is Inexperience contractor. Now we need clean know find an experienced contractor is very important, faulty design and due to surrounding building development also account for a large proportion. Recommendations From the above analysis and discussion presented, you can infer that the main reason for the buildings structural failures, design errors and poor workmanship, which may also be applicable to other countries in the world . Also from the results of this study,it is believed that there are three types of claims, can produce any buildings collapsed, that contract claims, tort claims and incidents of both contract and tort claims ; This means that a party can be made in this both his / her request. Therefore, the following recommendations for who had suffered losses in the square building collapse Events so that their requirements: (i) The Government shall endeavor to assist in the investigation of any incidence of building collapse, to allow victims to know the responsible party, and from whom to make a claim . (ii) The Government should assist owners or who have suffered the loss of a building collapse in the event a third party to prosecute their cases in court as they do their other requirements, if they can not, because The expensive nature of the proceedings. (iii) The Government should enact laws that will improve the effectiveness and standards for the construction of buildings. (iv) In addition, the government should monitor, manage and enforce the law, its effectiveness. (v) Every building owner should ensure that qualified professionals and experienced contractors are engaged in carrying out their construction process . (vi) Every professional body should monitor their members and also be ready to penalize any erring member who ISS found liable in building collapse incident. Conclusion Ramp construction led to landslides like we definitely hear a lot of news, and landslides claimed more and more of life events, why is everywhere and felling of trees for the construction of the activities. Otherwise, this tragedy 21 years ago can be avoided! I hope the Government will seriously look at this issue! REFERENCES http://malaysiafactbook.com/Highland_Towers_collapse http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/i-saw-highland-towers-block-crash-to-

Apa Style Guide

APA Publication Manual Crib Sheet This document is a summary of rules from the APA Publication Manual 5th Edition. For Further Information visit APA Writing Style at: http://www. apastyle. org June 2008 APA STYLE GUIDE 5th Edition APA requires a hanging indent for its citations. Also, PLEASE BE SURE TO DOUBLE SPACE CITATIONS. For space saving reasons, the citations below are single spaced. APA requires double spacing of citations. Citation Rules A. Books Typical book entry — single author Arnheim, R. (1971). Art and visual perception. Berkeley: University of California Press.Publishing information – Spell out the publishing names of associations and university presses, but omit superfluous terms such as â€Å"Publishers,† â€Å"Co. ,† or â€Å"Inc. † If two or more locations are given, give the location listed first or the publisher's home office. When the publisher is a university and the name of the state (or province) is included in the universit y name, do not repeat the name of the state/province in the publisher location. When the author and publisher are identical, use the word â€Å"Author† as the name of the publisher. American Psychiatric Association. (1994).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. ). Washington, D. C. : Author Multiple authors When a work has up to (and including) six authors, cite all authors. When a work has more than six authors cite the first six followed by â€Å"et al. † Festinger, L. , Riecken, H. , ; Schachter, S. (1956). When prophecy fails. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Roeder, K. , Howdeshell, J. , Fulton, L. , Lochhead, M. , Craig, K. , Peterson, R. , et. al. (1967). Nerve cells and insect behavior. Cambridge, MA:  Ã‚   Harvard University Press. Corporate authorship Institute of Financial Education. 1982). Managing personal funds. Chicago:  Midwestern. No author identified Experimental psychology. (1938). New York: Holt. Citing items i n an anthology/chapter in edited book Rubenstein, J. P. (1967). The effect of television violence on small children. In B. F. Kane (Ed. ), Television and juvenile psychological development (pp. 112-134). New York: American Psychological Society. Reprinted or republished chapter Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans. ), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 3-66). London: Hogarth Press. Original work published 1923) Following the entry, enclose â€Å"Original work published† in parentheses, noting the original date. Chapter in a volume in a series Maccoby, E. E. , ; Martin, J. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Series Ed. ) ; E. M. Hetherington (Vol. Ed. ), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed. , pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley. Citing multivolume works Wilson, J. G. , ; Fraser, F. C. (Eds. ). (1977-1978). Handbook of teratology (Vols. 1-4). New York: Plenum Press.In listing a multivolume work, the publication dates should be inclusive for all volumes. The volumes should be identified, in parentheses, immediately following the book title. Do not use a period between the title and the parenthetical information; close the entire title, including the volume information, with a period. Edited collections Higgins, J. (Ed. ). (1988). Psychology. New York: Norton. or Grice, H. P. , ; Gregory, R. L. (Eds. ). (1968). Early language development. New York: McGraw-Hill. Citing specific editions of a book Brockett, O. (1987). History of the theatre (5th ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Immediately after the book's title, note the edition information in parentheses (for example, â€Å"5th ed. † or â€Å"rev. ed. â€Å"). Do not use a period between the title and the parenthetical information. Translated works Freud, S. (1970) An outline of psychoanalysis (J. Strachey, Trans. ). New York: Norton. (Original work published 1940) The original publication date is the last portion of the entry and should be in parentheses with the note â€Å"Original work published† followed by the date. Proceedings Deci, E. L. , & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed. , Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 38. Perspectives on motivation (pp. 237-288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. or Cynx, J. , Williams, H. , & Nottebohm, F. (1992). Hemispheric diffences in avian song discrimation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 89, 1372-1375. B. Journals Citing articles in journals with continuous pagination Passons, W. (1967). Predictive validities of the ACT, SAT, and high school grades for first semester GPA and freshman courses. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 27, 1143-1144. Citing articles in journals with non-continuous paginationSawyer, J. (1966). Measurement an d prediction, clinical and statistical. Psychological Bulletin, 66 (3), 178-200. Because pagination begins anew with each issue of this journal, it is necessary to include the issue number in parentheses after the volume number. Note that there is a comma between the issue number and the page numbers, but no comma between the italized volume number and the issue number. If the periodical does not use volume numbers, include â€Å"pp. † before the page numbers so the reader will understand that the numbers refer to pagination. Use â€Å"p. † if the source is a page r less long. Citing articles in monthly periodicals Chandler-Crisp, S. (1988, May) â€Å"Aerobic writing†: a writing practice model. Writing Lab Newsletter, pp. 9-11. Citing articles in weekly periodicals Kauffmann, S. (1993, October 18). On films: class consciousness. The New Republic, p. 30. Newspaper articles Monson, M. (1993, September 16). Urbana firm obstacle to office project. The Champaign-Urba na News-Gazette, pp. A1,A8. No author identified Clinton puts ‘human face' on health-care plan. (1993, September 16). The New York Times, p. B1. Reprinted or republished articles Clark, G. & Zimmerman, E. (1988). Professional roles and activities as models for art education. In S. Dobbs (Ed. ), Research readings for discipline-based art education. Reston, VA: NAEA. (Reprinted from Studies in Art Education, 19 (1986), 34-39. ) Following the entry, enclose â€Å"Reprinted from† in parentheses, noting the original publication information. Close with a period. ERIC Documents (Report available from the Educational Resources Information Center) Mead, J. V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales that novice teachers bring with them   (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4).East Lansing, MI: National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED346082) C. Dissertations Dissertation obtained from Dissertation Abstracts Inte rnational (DAI) Bower, D. L. (1993). Employee assistant programs supervisory referrals: Characteristics of referring and non-referring supervisors. Dissertation Abstracts International, 54 (01), 534B. (UMI No. 9315947) Dissertation obtained from the university: Ross, D. F. (1990). Unconscious transference and mistaken identity: When a witness misidentifies a familiar but innocent person from a lineup (Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, 1990).Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 417. Give the university and year of the dissertation as well as the volume and page numbers from the Dissertation Abstract International. D. Other Media Citing interviews Archer, N. (1993). [Interview with Helen Burns, author of Sense and Perception]. Journal of Sensory Studies, 21, 211-216. In this example, the interview lacks a title, so a description of the interview is given in brackets. If the interview has a title, include the title (without quotation marks) after the year, and then give a further description in brackets if necessary.Unpublished interviews do not need a reference page entry because they are what the Publication Manual of the APA calls â€Å"personal communications† and so â€Å"do not provide recoverable data. † Here, the entry consists of the first initial and last name of the interviewee, the type of communication, and the date of the interview. (N. Archer, personal interview, October 11, 1993) Citing films or videotapes [Motion picture] replaces Film and Videotape as a bracketed descriptor. Weir, P. B. (Producer), & Harrison, B. F. (Director). (1992). Levels of consciousness [Motion picture]. Boston, MA: Filmways.Here, the main people responsible for the videotape are given, with their roles identified in parentheses after their names. After the title, the medium is identified (here, a motion picture). The distributor's name and location comprises the last part of the entry. Citing recordings Writer, A. (Date of copyright). Title of song [Recorded by artist if different from writer]. On Title of album [Medium of recording: CD, record, cassette, etc. ]. Location: Label. (Recording date if different than copyright) McFerrin, Bobby (Vocalist). (1990). Medicine music [Cassette Recording]. Hollywood, CA: EMI-USA.E. Electronic Information The type of medium can be, but is not limited to the following: aggregated databases, online journals, Web sites or Web pages, newsgoups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups or Web or e-mail based newsletters. Pagination in electronic references is unavailable in many cases, thus left out of the citation. The APA Manual has a short section demonstrating the format for electronic references on pp. 268-281. For other examples, visit http://www. apastyle. org/elecref. html Citing computer software Arend, Dominic N. (1993). Choices (Version 4. 0) [Computer software].Champaign, IL: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Research Laboratory. (CERL Report No. CH7-22510) If an individual(s) has p roprietary rights to the software, their name(s) are listed at the head of the entry, last names first, followed by a period. Otherwise, treat such references as unauthored. Do not italize the title. Specify in brackets that the source is computer software, program or language. List the location and the organization's name that produced the program. Add any other necessary information for identifying the program (in this example, the report number) in parentheses at the entry's conclusion.To reference a manual, follow the same as above but add â€Å"manual† as the source in the bracketed information. Do not add a period at the end of a citation if it ends in a web address. Full-Text Database (i. e. , book, magazine, newspaper article or report) The second date which follows is the date the user retrieved the material. No period follows an Internet Web address. Schneiderman, R. A. (1997). Librarians can make sense of the Net. San Antonio Business Journal, 11, 58+. Retrieved Ja nuary 27, 1999, from EBSCO Masterfile database. Article in an Internet-only journal Kawasaki, J. L. , ; Raven, M. R. 1995). Computer-administered surveys in extension. Journal of Extension, 33, 252-255. Retrieved June 2, 1999, from http://joe. org/joe/index. html Article in an Internet-only newsletter Waufton, K. K. (1999, April). Dealing with anthrax. Telehealth News, 3(2). Retrieved December 16, 2000, from http://www. telehearlth. net/subscribe/newslettr_5b. html#1 Internet technical or research reports University of California, San Francisco, Institute for Health and Aging. (1996, November). Chronic care in America: A 21st century challenge. Retrieved September 9, 2000, from the Robert Wood Foundation Web site: http://www. wjf. org/library/chrcare Document created by private organization, no page numbers, no date Greater Hattiesburg Civic Awareness Group, Task Force on Sheltered Programs. (n. d. ). Fund-raising efforts. Retrieved November 10, 2001, from http://www. hattiesburgcag . org Sometimes authors are not identified, and there is no date showing for the document. Date website was accessed should be used and efforts should be made to identify the sponsoring author/organization of the website. If none is found, do not list an author. Document from university program or department McNeese, M. N. (2001).Using technology in educational settings. Retrieved October 13, 2001, from University of Southern Mississippi, Educational Leadership and Research Web site: http://www-dept. usm. edu/~eda/ E-Mail, newsgroups, online forums, discussion groups and electronic mailing lists Personal communications, which are not archived, should not included in reference lists and cited within the text only: Smith, Fred (â€Å"personal communication,† January 21, 1999) Citations Within Text Use of Authors' Names In APA style, only the author's last name is used in the document as a whole and within in-text citations in particular.If the author's name is mentioned in the text Most often, an author's last name appears in the text with the date of publication immediately following in parentheses: Bolles (2000) provides a practical, detailed approach to job hunting. If the author's name is not mentioned in the text When the author's name does not appear in the text itself, it appears in the parenthetical citation followed by a comma and the date of publication: Interactive fiction permits readers to move freely through a text and to participate in its authorship (Bolter, 2001).Note: If you cite the same source a second time within a paragraph, the year of publication may be omitted. If there are two authors When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the source is cited in the text: Katzenbach and Smith (1993) define a team as â€Å"a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable† (p. 45).If the authors ' names appear in the text itself, connect the names with the word and; however, if the authors' names appear parenthetically, connect the names with an ampersand (;): A team is defined as â€Å"a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable† (Katzenbach ; Smith, 1993, p. 45). If there are three, four, or five authorsWhen you cite for the first time a work with three, four, or five authors, cite all authors: Cogdill, Fanderclai, Kilborn, and Williams (2001) argue that â€Å"making backchannel overtly available for study would require making its presence and content visible and its content persist, affecting the nature of the backchannel and raising social and ethical issues† (p. 109). (Again, if the authors' names appear parenthetically rather than in the text itself, connect the final two names with a comma and an ampersand). In all subsequent citations, include only the name of the first author followed by et al. the abbreviation for the Latin phrase meaning â€Å"and others†): Cogdill et al. (2001) assert that â€Å"backchannel is multithreaded, substantial, and governed by many social conventions† (p. 109). Again, if the authors' names appear parenthetically rather than in the text itself, connect the final two names with a comma and an ampersand. If there are six or more authors If a work has six or more authors, cite the last name of the first author followed by et al. in all citations: Adkins et al. (2001) studied the use of collaborative technology during a multinational, civil-military exercise. If two authors have the same last nameIf a document includes sources by two authors with the same last name, include the first and middle initial of each author in all text citations: R. P. Allen (1994) and D. N. Allen (1998) have both studied the effects of email monitoring in the workplace. If two or more sources are cited When citing two or more sources by different authors within the same citation, place the authors' names in parentheses in alphabetical order, followed by the year of publication and separated by a semicolon: Hypertext significantly changes the process of information retrieval (Bolter 2001; Bush, 1945; Landow 1997).If no author is identified If no author is identified, use an abbreviated title instead, followed by the date. Use quotation marks around article or chapter titles, and underline book, periodical, brochure, and report titles: The use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems has grown substantially over the past five years as companies attempt to adapt to customer needs and to improve their profitability (â€Å"Making CRM Work†). Placement of Citations for Quoted MaterialSpecific page numbers for paraphrased or quoted material appear within the parenthetical citation following the abbreviation for page (p. ). The location of the parenthetic al citation for a quote depends upon the placement of quoted material within the sentence: * If the quotation appears in midsentence, insert the final quotation mark, followed by the parenthetical citation; then complete the sentence. Branscomb (1998) argues that â€Å"it's a good idea to lurk (i. e. read all the messages without contributing anything) for a few weeks, to ensure that you don't break any of the rules of netiquette† (p. 7) when you join a listserv. * If the quotation appears at the end of the sentence, insert the final quotation mark, followed by the parenthetical citation and the end punctuation: Branscomb (1998) argues that when you join a listserv, â€Å"it's a good idea to lurk (i. e. , read all the messages without contributing anything) for a few weeks, to ensure that you don't break any of the rules of netiquette† (p. 7). If the quotation is long (40 words or more), it should be formatted as a block quotation, and the parentheses should appear aft er the final punctuation mark: Bolles (2000) argues that the most effective job hunting method is what he calls the creative job hunting approach: figuring out your best skills, and favorite knowledges, and then researching any employer that interests you, before approaching that organization and arranging, through your contacts, to see the person there who has the power to hire you for the position you are interested in.This method, faithfully followed, leads to a job for 86 out of every 100 job-hunters who try it. (57) Citing Electronic Sources See http://www. apastyle. org for additional information * Sample reference Page (Next Page) | The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed. , 2001) provides a comprehensive reference guide to writing using APA style, organization, and content. To order a copy of the Publication Manual online, go to http://www. apa. org/books/4200060. html. To view â€Å"PDF† documents referenced on this APA Style Essentia ls page, you need Adobe Acrobat Reader.To download the free Acrobat Reader, go to http://www. adobe. com/products/acrobat/readstep2. html. | The purpose of this document is to provide a common core of elements of APA style that all members of an academic department can adopt as minimal standards for any assignment that specifies APA style. This Web document is itself not a model of APA style. For an example of a complete article formatted according to APA style, go to http://www. vanguard. edu/uploadedfiles/faculty/ddegelman/prayer. pdf. For an example of an undergraduate research proposal, go to http://www. anguard. edu/uploadedfiles/faculty/ddegelman/psychproposal. pdf. To download a Microsoft Word template of an APA-style paper, go to http://www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/Faculty/DDegelman/psychapa. doc I. General Document Guidelines A. Margins: One inch on all sides (top, bottom, left, right) B. Font Size and Type: 12-pt. font (Times Roman or Courier are acceptable typefaces) C. Line Spacing: Double-space throughout the paper, including the title page, abstract, body of the document, references, appendixes, footnotes, tables, and figure captions. D.Spacing after Punctuation: Space once after all punctuation. This includes using one space (not two! ) following punctuation marks at the ends of sentences. E. Alignment: Flush left (creating uneven right margin) F. Paragraph Indentation: 5-7 spaces G. Pagination: The page number appears one inch from the right edge of the paper on the first line of every page (except Figures), beginning with the title page H. Manuscript Page Header: The first two or three words of the paper title appear five spaces to the left of the page number on every page (except Figures), beginning with the title page.Manuscript page headers are used to identify manuscript pages during the editorial process. Using most word processors, the manuscript page header and page number can be inserted into a header, which then automatically appe ars on all pages. I. Active voice: As a general rule, use the active voice rather than the passive voice. For example, use â€Å"We predicted that †¦ † rather than â€Å"It was predicted that †¦ † J. Order of Pages:  Title Page, Abstract, Body, References, Appendixes, Footnotes, Tables, Figure Captions, Figures II. Title Page K. Pagination: The Title Page is page 1.L. Key Elements: Paper title, author(s), author affiliation(s), and running head. M. Paper Title: Uppercase and lowercase letters, centered on the page. N. Author(s): Uppercase and lowercase letters, centered on the line following the title. O. Institutional affiliation: Uppercase and lowercase letters, centered on the line following the author(s). P. Running head: The running head is typed flush left (all uppercase) following the words â€Å"Running head:† on the line below the manuscript page header. It should not exceed 50 characters, including punctuation and spacing.The running head i s a short title that appears at the top of pages of published articles. Q. Example of APA-formatted Title Page:  http://www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/titlepage. pdf III. Abstract: The abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained summary of the most important elements of the paper. R. Pagination: The abstract begins on a new page (page 2). S. Heading: Abstract (centered on the first line below the manuscript page header) T. Format: The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following the Abstract heading. The abstract should not exceed 120 words.All numbers in the abstract (except those beginning a sentence) should be typed as digits rather than words. U. Example of APA-formatted Abstract:  http://www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/abstract. pdf IV. Body V. Pagination: The body of the paper begins on a new page (page 3). Subsections of the body of the paper do not begin on new pages. W. Title: The title of the paper (in uppercase and lowercase letters ) is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. X. Introduction: The introduction (which is not labeled) begins on the line following the paper title.Y. Headings: Headings are used to organize the document and reflect the relative importance of sections. For example, many empirical research articles utilize Method, Results, Discussion, and References headings. In turn, the Method section often has subheadings of Participants, Apparatus, and Procedure. For an example of APA-formatted headings, go to http://www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/headings. pdf   1. Main headings (when the paper has either one or two levels of headings) use centered uppercase and lowercase letters (e. g. , Method, Results, Discussion, nd References). 2. Subheadings (when the paper has two levels of headings) are italicized and use flush left, uppercase and lowercase letters (e. g. , Participants, Apparatus, and Procedure as subsections of the Method section). V. Text citations: Source material must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the author(s) and date(s) of the sources. The underlying principle is that ideas and words of others must be formally acknowledged. The reader can obtain the full source citation from the list of references that follows the body of the paper.Z. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of publication appears in parentheses following the identification of the authors. Consider the following example: Wirth and Mitchell (1994) found that although there was a reduction in insulin dosage over a period of two weeks in the treatment condition compared to the control condition, the difference was not statistically significant. [Note:  and is used when multiple authors are identified as part of the formal structure of the sentence.Compare this to the example in the following section. ] [. When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the se ntence, both the authors and year of publication appear in parentheses. Consider the following example: Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least some types of religious behaviors are related to higher levels of physical and mental health (Gartner, Larson, & Allen, 1991; Koenig, 1990; Levin & Vanderpool, 1991; Maton & Pargament, 1987; Paloma & Pendleton, 1991; Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991). Note:  & is used when multiple authors are identified in parenthetical material. Note also that when several sources are cited parenthetically, they are ordered alphabetically by first authors' surnames and separated by semicolons. ] . When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are included every time the source is cited. ]. When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited. When that source is cited again, the first author's surname and â€Å"et al. are used. Conside r the following example: Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least some types of religious behaviors are related to higher levels of physical and mental health (Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991). Payne et al. (1991) showed that †¦ ^. When a source that has six or more authors is cited, the first author's surname and â€Å"et al. † are used every time the source is cited (including the first time). _. Every effort should be made to cite only sources that you have actually read.When it is necessary to cite a source that you have not read (â€Å"Grayson† in the following example) that is cited in a source that you have read (â€Å"Murzynski & Degelman† in the following example), use the following format for the text citation and list only the source you have read in the References list: Grayson (as cited in Murzynski ; Degelman, 1996) identified four components of body language that were related to judgments of vulnerabilit y. `. To cite a personal communication (including letters, emails, and telephone interviews), include initials, surname, and as exact a date as possible.Because a personal communication is not â€Å"recoverable† information, it is not included in the References section. For the text citation, use the following format: B. F. Skinner (personal communication, February 12, 1978) claimed †¦ a. To cite a Web document, use the author-date format. If no author is identified, use the first few words of the title in place of the author. If no date is provided, use â€Å"n. d. † in place of the date. Consider the following examples: Degelman and Harris (2000) provide guidelines for the use of APA writing style.Changes in Americans' views of gender status differences have been documented (Gender and Society, n. d. ). b. To cite the Bible, provide the book, chapter, and verse. The first time the Bible is cited in the text, identify the version used. Consider the following exam ple: â€Å"You are forgiving and good, O Lord, abounding in love to all who call to you† (Psalm 86:5, New International Version). [Note: No entry in the References list is needed for the Bible. ] VI. Quotations: When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation. c.A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence. Example: Patients receiving prayer had â€Å"less congestive heart failure, required less diuretic and antibiotic therapy, had fewer episodes of pneumonia, had fewer cardiac arrests, and were less frequently intubated and ventilated† (Byrd, 1988, p. 829). d. A lengthier quotation of 40 or more words should appear (without quotation marks) apart from the surrounding text, in block format, with each line indented five spaces from the left margin.VII. References: All sources included in the References section must be cited in the body of the paper (and all sources cited in the paper must be included in the References section). e. Pagination: The References section begins on a new page. f. Heading: References (centered on the first line below the manuscript page header) g. Format: The references (with hanging indent) begin on the line following the References heading. Entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors. Most reference entries have three components: 3.Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors. When there are seven or more authors, list the first six and then use â€Å"et al. † for remaining authors. If no author is identified, the title of the document begins the reference. 4. Year of Publication: In parentheses following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use â€Å"n. d. † in parentheses following the authors. 5. Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book).Italicize titles of books, titles of periodicals, and periodical volume numbers. h. Example of APA-formatted References: Go to http://www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/references. pdf i. Official APA â€Å"Electronic Reference Formats† document: Go to http://www. apastyle. org/elecref. html j. Examples of sources 6. Journal article Murzynski, J. , & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 1617-1626. 7. Book Paloutzian, R. F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology of religion (2nd ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 8.Web document on university program or department Web site Degelman, D. , & Harris, M. L. (2000). APA style essentials. Retrieved May 18, 2000, from Vanguard University, Department of Psychology Web site: http://www. van guard. edu/faculty/ddegelman/index. aspx? doc_id=796 9. Stand-alone Web document (no date) Nielsen, M. E. (n. d. ). Notable people in psychology of religion. Retrieved August 3, 2001, from http://www. psywww. com/psyrelig/psyrelpr. htm 10. Stand-alone Web document (no author, no date) Gender and society. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 3, 2001, from http://www. trinity. edu/~mkearl/gender. html 11.Journal article from database Hien, D. , & Honeyman, T. (2000). A closer look at the drug abuse-maternal aggression link. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 503-522. Retrieved May 20, 2000, from ProQuest database. 12. Abstract from secondary database Garrity, K. , & Degelman, D. (1990). Effect of server introduction on restaurant tipping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 168-172. Abstract retrieved July 23, 2001, from PsycINFO database. 13. Journal article, Internet-only journal Bergen, D. (2002, Spring). The role of pretend play in children's cognitive development. Early Childho od Research ; Practice, 4(1).Retrieved February 1, 2004, from http://ecrp. uiuc. edu/v4n1/bergen. html 14. Article or chapter in an edited book Shea, J. D. (1992). Religion and sexual adjustment. In J. F. Schumaker (Ed. ), Religion and mental health (pp. 70-84). New York: Oxford University Press. 15. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. , text revision). Washington, DC: Author. VIII. Appendixes: A common use of appendixes is to present unpublished tests or to describe complex equipment or stimulus materials. k.Pagination: Each Appendix begins on a separate page. l. Heading:If there is only one appendix, Appendix is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. If there is more than one appendix, use Appendix A (or B or C, etc. ). Double-space and type the appendix title (centered in uppercase and lowercase letters). m. Format: Indent the first line 5-7 spaces. n. Example of APA-formatted Appendix:  http://www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/appendix. pdf IX. Footnotes: Content footnotes are occasionally used to support substantive information in the text.. o. Pagination: Footnotes begin on a separate page. . Heading: Footnotes is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. q. Format: Indent the first line of each footnote 5-7 spaces and number the foonotes (slightly above the line) as they are identified in the text. r. Example of APA-formatted Footnotes:  http://www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/footnote. pdf X. Tables: A common use of tables is to present quantitative data or the results of statistical analyses (such as ANOVA). See the Publication Manual (2001, pp. 147-176) for detailed examples. Tables must be referred to in the text. s. Pagination: Each Table begins on a separate page. . Heading:Table 1 (or 2 or 3, etc. ) is typed flush left on the first line below the manuscript pag e header. Double-space and type the table title flush left (italicized in uppercase and lowercase letters). u. Example of APA-formatted Tables:  http://www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/table2. pdf XI. Figure Captions and Figures: A common use of Figures is to present graphs, photographs, or other illustrations (other than tables). See the Publication Manual (2001, pp. 176-201) for detailed examples. Figure Captions provide, on a single page, captions for the figures that follow. v.Pagination: The Figure Captions page is the final numbered page of the paper. The Figures that follow the Figure Captions page do NOT have page numbers or manuscript page headers. w. Heading for Figure Captions: Figure Caption(s) is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. Double-space and type Figure 1. (or 2 or 3, etc. ) italicized and flush left, followed by the caption for the figure (not italicized), capitalizing only the first letter of the first word and any proper n ouns. x. Example of APA-formatted Figure Caption and Figure:  http://www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/Faculty/DDegelman/psychfigure. pdf

The Job Selection Criteria

Why are you applying for the Graduate Trainee Program in the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade? What skills and attributes would you be able to contribute to DFAT's goals and work? You should give examples based on your academic achievements, work experience and/or extra-curricular activities. I deem the Graduate Trainee Program as one of the epitomes of DFAT's thrust in showcasing the best and brightest Australia has to offer the international community. Being part of a vibrant, dedicated and diverse group of individuals entrusted to foster understanding and promote the country's foreign and trade relations is a challenge anyone who believes in Australia should be proud to be a part of. Having read Politics and Government in university and presently doing my post-graduate studies in International Relations give me the fundamental, if not advanced, skills as well as awareness of local and international socio-political and economic realities of today. Complementary to my academic skills are the English language teaching experiences I have locally and abroad, which contributed immensely to my understanding of different cultures and peoples of varying age group. Being trilingual (English, Korean and street Japanese) gives me the edge to appreciate not only the language of other people but the nuances of what a language conveys, this is a paramount trait in comprehending the distinct language of diplomacy. It has helped me deal with clients in an interpretation job, students in a teaching assignment or local tribes people in medical or mercy missions. 1.Written and Oral Communication Skills Provide examples of where your written and oral communication and negotiation skills have been most effective in the workplace or elsewhere. What outcomes were achieved? One of the jobs I do on the side is translation and interpretation work from Korean to English and vice versa. This type of work deals with Korean trade delegations coming to Australia to deal with Australian business owners. Both Korean and Australian clients require submission of a written project proposal prior to getting the tasking. The proposal calls for demonstrating my competence and advanced level of understanding not only of the Korean and English languages but the cultures as well. In writing the proposal, I set my plan of action and the methodology to be used for the translation and interpretation processes. After the clients read through my proposal, I present it to both parties and convince them of my being the right person to get the job done. During the actual translation/interpretation work, I sometimes observe that the principals' understanding of what each said to the other may get â€Å"lost in translation.† The outcome of which is that on several occasions, I had to mediate and arbitrate so that the two factions agree on correct interpretations. It is noteworthy seeing conflicting parties come to terms because of my diplomatic approach and diligence in getting the job done properly. Describe a situation in which you had to identify and analyze a problem and then recommend a solution. What was the outcome? What constraints did you face in developing the solution? Would you have done anything differently? In 2001, while doing community re-building voluntary work with the Youth with a Mission (YMAN), a non-government organization assisting marginalized communities worldwide, I was a â€Å"trainee team leader† charged with a group of young volunteers from the United States, Canada, Australia, Fiji and even Australian aborigines. We were in northern Thailand amongst the Karen and Hmong tribes and I found out that due to their patriarchal society, the males in the tribes refused to work with our female volunteers. This caused some setbacks since individual assignments were already given prior to arriving on site. As the team leader of the group, I discussed this problem with the senior team leader and recommended that we should respect their culture in order to complete the mission. I talked with the team and organised the male volunteers to work in building houses and improving the local site. The female volunteers took on the English teaching assignments and medical assistance. This went well with the local populace and we gained their respect because we demonstrated our reverence for their beliefs. I would have done things differently by studying the culture, beliefs and peculiarities of the tribes first prior to embarking on another volunteer mission. What makes a successful team, in the workplace or elsewhere? Why are you an effective team member? How have you incorporated people from different backgrounds in a team in which you have participated? Give an example of how you have contributed to a team's achievements. Team success rests with good leadership and management. I related the leader and manager role since despite being distinct characteristics, they are inseparable traits of someone charged with such daunting assignment. A leader/manager must have the vision to effectively implement tasks and the steadfastness to successfully complete mission objectives. My value as a team member is the ability to work cohesively with each team member and agree to set aside idiosyncrasies in order to fulfill collective goals. People with different backgrounds can be incorporated in a team by appealing to their individual aims and marry them with the strategic objectives. During one of my courses in post-graduate studies, our class simulated a United Nations Security Council meeting and I played the part of the Secretary General. We were doing North Korean nuclear proliferation conflict resolution and individuals have their own opinions on how best to mitigate the problem. Playing the goodwill role, I contributed to the team output by consolidating valid points from individuals and getting a group consensus that the solution to North Korea's nuclear arms program is by catering to the North Korean's need for aid in exchange for reduction or total demobilization of the nuclear arms . 4.Flexibility, Adaptability and Initiative Give an example of a challenge you have recently faced in the workplace, your studies or extra-curricular activities. Describe how you addressed and overcame that challenge. What were some of the difficulties you faced? While working as a contractual English instructor in Korea, I noticed that the students learning English, though very diligent and hardworking, English have a hard time with conversational, street-speak and business English. This is due to the formation of the program wherein they learn classroom and â€Å"theoretical† English but lacking the suave and practical application. Korea is a very rigid and structured society and change usually comes at a difficult phase. I adapted and conformed to the norms of the school but took the initiative by instructing my students to prepare a five-minute oral presentation of a country of their choice. The presentations have to be made with individually hand-made posters to have more impact in terms of graphics. After each student's presentation, critiques from the class – in English, were done and this further confirmed the value of the pioneering teaching methodology. Needless to say, my technique was adapted by other teachers, who found it more efficient than the processes they have been using for years. Even the school director was pleased with my achievement that when my contract ended, he offered to renew it but I declined since I had to go back to Australia to pursue my studies.